The cutting or weld zone is the liquid region where the process itself takes place and is adjoined by the fusion boundary. The fusion boundary is the border of the fusion zone where the liquid and solid phases of the metal coexist. Further from the weld or cutting zone is the HAZ itself, which is where the non-melted parent metal has experienced changes to the microstructure. In conventional steels, the HAZ can be broken down into the grain coarsened zone (closest to the heated area), the grain refined zone, the partially transformed (intercritically heated) zone and the tempered zone. In other materials, which do not undergo a solid-state phase transformation during cooling, it is common to see a grain growth zone and a recrystallized zone, with some evidence of a tempered zone. Outside of these HAZ areas is the unaffected base material.
Fatigue Of Materials (Cambridge Solid State Science Series) Second Edition.pdf
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